Oleh : Etty Sunanti (The Owner of ESP)
Ada banyak berbagai macam teori masa kini tentang parenting. Setiap orang seolah berhak berbicara tentang berbagai macam teori, agar anak-anak sukses dalam urusan dunia. Mereka tidak pernah membahas masalah fiqih, sebagai prinsip mendidik anak.
Padahal FIQIH adalah prinsip penting, sebagai metode dalam menegakkan hidup dan berkehidupan manusia. Seolah, fiqih hanya boleh dibicarakan khusus
anak pondok pesantren atau ustadz ustadzah yang khusus mempelajari fiqih.
Secara etimologis, fiqih identik dengan al- fahm yang berarti pengetahuan atau pemahaman. Sedangkan secara terminologi, fiqih adalah ilmu tentang hukum-hukum syara yang bersifat praktis yang diperoleh dari dalil- dalilnya yang terperinci.
Sebuah prinsip agama yang harus dipraktikkan, bukan sekedar teori semata.
Setelah dipraktikkan, akan menjadi kebiasaan, mindset dan membentuk mentalitas yang baik. Di dalam Fiqih ada banyak bab pelajaran yang perlu dipelajari dan diamalkan dalam kehidupan kita sehari-hari. Semuanya lengkap, persoalan di segala aspek kehidupan, semuanya sudah ada aturannya. Mulai masalah thaharah, sholat, zakat, puasa, haji, muamalat, munakahat, jinayat, jihad, pertanian, imamah, syakhsiyah, khilafah, dan lain sebagainya.
Kali ini, kita akan mengkaji sebuah prinsip pendidikan anak, dengan inspirasi THAHARAH. (baca: thoharoh)
Allah Subhanahu Wa Taala berfirman:
المتطهرين ويجب بين الله يُحِبُّ ، الله أن
“Sungguh, Allah menyukai orang yang bertaubat dan menyukai orang yang menyucikan diri.” (QS. Al-Baqarah 2: Ayat 222)
Bertaubat digandengan dengan thaharah, yaitu mensucikan diri.
Orang tua mana, yang tidak ingin memiliki anak yang shalih-shalihah, berakhlaq mulia, beribadah yang khusyu, bermanfaat bagi orang tua, keluarga dan masyarakat nya.
Batasan apa yang bisa menyatakan bahwa seseorang itu sudah menjadi baik atau shalih? ,Maka batasan itu, manakala seseorang sudah tidak melakukan perbuatan yang buruk, dan tidak ingin mengulangi perbuatan yang sama seperti sebelumnya. Mereka memiliki perubahan menjadi lebih baik dari sebelumnya.
Karena bertaubat, adalah menyucikan secara maknawi. Dan thaharah adalah menyucikan secara fisik, yang tentu saja, ada rahmat dan berkah di dalam kesucian itu. Karena kesucian tersebut atas bimbingan Illahiyah dan Rasulullah Muhammad Shallallahu ‘alahi wassalam.
Hukum thaharah sendiri merupakan wajib bagi tiap-tiap mukallaf laki-laki dan perempuan. Hal itu ditegaskan dalam sebuah hadis riwayat Muslim yang berbunyi seperti berikut:
“Rasulullah Shollallahu ‘alaihi wassallam bersabda, “Allah tidak akan menerima sholat yang tidak disertai dengan bersuci.” (HR. Muslim).
Pengertian thaharah adalah bersuci dari hadast dan najis. Thaharah ini tidak sebatas membersihkan badan.
Suci dari hadast berarti melakukannya dengan berwudhu, tayamum, serta mandi, sedangkan suci dari najis yaitu harus menghilangkan kotoran yang ada di badan, pakaian, dan tempat.
Thaharah memang sangat berkaitan dengan ibadah sholat sebagai salah satu syarat sah, supaya diterima Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala. Macam-macam thaharah terbagi menjadi dua. Ada thaharah ma’nawiyah beserta thaharah hissiyah, Berikut penjelasannya.
- Thaharah Ma’nawiyah
Thaharah ma’nawiyah merupakan bersuci secara rohani dengan membersihkan segala penyakit hati seperti riya, iri, dengki, atauhal lainnya. Perlu kita ketahui bahwa sebelum melakukan thaharah hissiyah, seseorang harus lebih dulu thahrah ma’nawiyah karena sesungguhnya bersuci harus dalam keadaan bersih dari sifat syirik dan segenap dari persoalan hati
2. Thaharah Hissiyah
Sementara thaharah hissiyah adalah bersuci jasmani, atau membersihkan bagian tubuh dari sesuatu yang terkena najis (dari segala jenis kotoran) maupun hadast (kecil dan besar). Untuk membersihkan dari najis dan hadast ini, bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan air seperti berwudhu, mandi wajib, serta tayamum (bila dalam kondisi tidak ada air)
Ada lima pembagian air yang akan digunakan untuk thaharah. Mulai dari air yang tidak diperbolehkan bersuci dan air yang diperbolehkan bersuci.
- Air mutlak atau masih murni sehingga dapat digunakan bersuci dengan tidak makruh atau digunakan secukupnya tanpa berlebihan.
- Air musyammas atau air yang dipanaskan dengan matahari di tempat logam, boleh digunakan bersuci, namun bukan emas.
- Air musta’mal yang telah digunakan bersuci untuk menghilangkan hadas dan najis walau tidak berubah rupa, rasa, atau bau. Air ini suci tapi tidak bisa untuk bersuci.
- Air haram yaitu air yang diperoleh dengan cara mencuri tanpa izin pemiliknya, sehingga air tersebut tidak dapat menyucikan.
- Air mutanajis yaitu air yang terkena najis atau kemasukan suatu hal najis, sedangkan jumlahnya kurang maka tidak dapat menyucikan.
Betapa masalah thaharah ini, begitu dahsyatnya. Jika kita kaitkan dengan berbagai macam aspek ke ilmuwan yang lain, akan tetap terkait, ilmiyah, dan penuh berbagai hikmah. Anak manusia, jika di ajarkan pendidikan thaharah semenjak dini. Insya’ Allah, akan memiliki mindset yang luar biasa baiknya.
- Menjaga Kebersihan.
Sampah adalah problematika masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Bagaimana kita harus meminimalisir sampah dengan baik, Sedangkan Islam mengajarkan kita, menjaga kebersihan, tidak hanya yang nampak tetapi yang tidak nampak juga harus di sucikan.”Nak, jangan pipis sembarangan, najis nak, ayo istinja’ yang benar.” Atau bagaimana seorang ibu, mendidik anak dengan kalimat seperti ini.”Nak lihat perintah Nabi membersihkan diri, tempat tidur, dan pakaian.. Ayo bantu ibu, mencuci pakaian kalian.
2. Menjaga Kesehatan.
Betapa orang yang menjaga kesucian dan senantiasa menjaga taubat, mereka akan menjadi orang orang yang sehat. Jiwanya sehat, fisiknya juga sehat. Dalam ilmu Kesehatan, membuktikan orang yang memiliki hati, dan sikap yang baik, memiliki kesehatan yang lebih baikKata Nabi, “Di dalam tubuh ada segumpal daging, apabila segumpal daging itu baik, maka baiklah tubuh orang itu dialah qolbu ( hati)
3. Menjaga Diri Dari Maksiat.
Penelitian menyebutkan, bahwa orang yang terkena penyakit jiwa dan banyak berbuat dosa, mereka adalah orang yang malas mandi dan tidak mengenal bersuci. Anak-anak yang di kenalkan menjaga wudhu, rajin mandi, menjaga kebersihan dan kesucian, mereka secara otomatis akan menjaga diri dari hal hal yang buru.
Karena mereka selalu teringat, ” Aku masih suci, aku bersih , bisa langsung sholat. “Dalam benak mereka yang terfikir kan hanya sholat, bagaimana selalu konek dengan Allah Tuhan semesta alam.
4. Menumbuhkan sikap rajin membantu orang tua, menjaga kebersihan dan menjaga lingkungan.
Anak yang memiliki fondasi thaharah dengan kuat, secara otomatis, mereka tidak suka melihat tempat yang kotor, apalagi najis dan bau. Maka mereka dengan sigap akan senang membantu membersihkan sesuatu yang kotor dan najis. Tentu saja sikap anak yang senang membantu ini, akan menjadi kebanggan orang tua. Bersyukur memiliki anak yang perduli dengan lingkungan sekitar. Karena berapa banyak hari ini, masyarakat sangat banyak yang tidak mampu menjaga dirinya, rumahnya, bahkan lingkungannya.
Semoga kita semua menjadi orang tua yang dimampukan Allah, dengan menjadikan thaharah sebagai fondasi pendidikan bagi putra putri nya. Aamiin Yaa Robbal ‘Alamiin.
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